 |
| DDT (50%) |
In
order to reduce the incidence rate of Vector Born Diseases, the Govt adopted
dual strategies like Reduction of Vector growth as well as Reduction of
Parasitic growth. The reduction of the vector growth can be achieved through effective
use of insecticides. Generally, this happens in 02 different ways: 1. Release
into air in the form of Vapour (Fogging) 2. Application to the surface in form
of spray/deposit. In case of Kala Azar, though the vector is found inside the
room, hence the second strategy is found to be more effective than the first
one. In public health when we choose any insecticide for Residual spray, few
things have been taken in
 |
| Synthetic Pyrethroid |
to account i.e Toxicity to the targeted vector,
Longevity on given surface, Lethal effect/not repellent, Acceptance in the
community, Safe for Human as well as Domestic Animals, Suitability in storing
and transportation, Cost effectiveness.
 |
| Stencilling |
During
the initial period DDT has been used for IRS in Kala Azar elimination program
implemented in all the 33 Kala Azar affected districts of Bihar. Over a period
of time it has been observed that the rate of reduction in the incidence rate
is very slow. It was suspected that due to continuous use of DDT leads to
resistance in sand-flies which reduces the lethal effect and the second major
cause was reduction of community acceptance due to white stains on the wall
& bad odour.
 |
| Spray using Stirrup Pump |
In order to speed up the
reduction rate, Govt.of Bihar has taken initiative to change the insecticide
i.e shifting from DDT to Synthetic Pyrethroid. This not only overcome the above
drawbacks but also more effective in terms of storage & transportation,
Water solubility & longevity etc. Though SP (Synthetic Pyrethroid) is water
soluble, doesn’t leave any stains on the wall/surface and odourless, hence
easily accepted by almost all communities irrespective of caste, class, race
& religion.
